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Engineering Reference
U.S. Department of Energy
2026-09-23
Table of contents
Overview
Document Overview
General Modeling Overview
Building Surfaces, Spaces, Zones, and Enclosures
Simulation Manager
Warmup Convergence
Integrated Solution Manager
Basis for the Zone and Air System Integration
Zone Sensible Heat Capacity Multiplier
Summary of Predictor-Corrector Procedure
Air System Control
Moisture Predictor-Corrector
Moisture Prediction
Moisture Correction
Which moisture buffering model is best?
Carbon Dioxide Predictor-Corrector
Carbon Dioxide Prediction
Carbon Dioxide Correction
Generic Contaminant Predictor-Corrector
Generic Contaminant Prediction
Generic Contaminant Correction
Zone Air Mass Flow Conservation
Overview
Return Air Flow Rate Calculations
Zone Mixing Flow Rate Calculations
Infiltration Flow Rate Adjustments
Summary of Time Marching Solution
Summary of Timestep Model Formulation
Zone Update Method
Variable Timestep
Simultaneous Solution of Plant/System Water Loop
Space HVAC Simulation and Control
References
Surface Heat Balance Manager / Processes
Conduction Through The Walls
Conduction Transfer Function Module
Calculation of Conduction Transfer Functions
Conduction Transfer Function (CTF) Calculations in EnergyPlus
Conduction Transfer Function (CTF) Calculations Special Case: R-Value Only Layers
References
Conduction Finite Difference Solution Algorithm
Basic Finite Difference Solution Approach
Finite Difference Node Arrangement in Surfaces
Conduction Finite Difference Variable Thermal Conductivity
Conduction Finite Difference Source Sink Layers
Conduction Finite Difference Heat Flux Outputs
References
Combined Heat and Moisture Transfer (HAMT) Model
Overview
HAMT Nomenclature
HAMT Model Description
References
Effective Moisture Penetration Depth (EMPD) Model
Overview
EMPD Model Description
EMPD Nomenclature
References
Outside Surface Heat Balance
External Shortwave Radiation
External Longwave Radiation
References
Atmospheric Variation
Outdoor/Exterior Convection
Exterior/External Conduction
Additional Heat Balance Source
References
Inside Heat Balance
Internal Long-Wave Radiation Exchange
Internal Short-Wave Radiation
Interior Conduction
Interior Convection
Additional Heat Balance Source
Adiabatic Boundary Conditions
Infrared Radiation Transfer Material
Radiation Exchange Basics
IRT Radiation Exchange in EnergyPlus
Radiation Transfer Surface Details
Behavior Checks
Transparent Insulation Material (TIM)
Introduction
Comparison of Opaque and Transparent Insulation
Types of Transparent Insulation Materials
TIM- Basic Mathematical Model
Sample Test Run Cases: – Comparison
References
Surface Heat Balances With Moveable Insulation
Inside Heat Balance with Interior Moveable Insulation
Outside Heat Balance Cases for Exterior Moveable Insulation
Heat Balance Cases
C++ Algorithm Examples
C++ Variable Descriptions
References
Ground Heat Transfer Calculations using Foundation:Kiva
Approach
Two-dimensional Approximation
Numerical Calculations
Boundary Conditions
Multiple Kiva Instances
Core Zone Slabs
Warm-Up
Validation
References
Ground Heat Transfer Calculations using C and F Factor Constructions
Ground Heat Transfer Calculations using
Site:GroundDomain:Slab
Ground Heat Transfer Calculations using
Site:GroundDomain:Basement
Undisturbed Ground Temperature Model: Finite Difference
Undisturbed Ground Temperature Model: Kusuda-Achenbach
Undisturbed Ground Temperature Model: Xing
Advanced Surface Concepts
Exterior Naturally Vented Cavity
Baffle Heat Balance
Cavity Heat Balance
Underlying Heat Transfer Surface
Solar and Shading Calculations
Local Wind Speed Calculations
Convection Coefficients
Radiation Coefficients
References
Green Roof Model (EcoRoof)
Overview
Green Roof Model Description
Linearization
Final Equations
Green Roof Nomenclature
References
Underwater Surface Boundary Condition
Overview
Climate, Sky and Solar/Shading Calculations
Climate Calculations
EnergyPlus Design Day Temperature Calculations
Sky Radiation Modeling
EnergyPlus Sky Temperature Calculation
EnergyPlus Design Day Solar Radiation Calculations
Perez Direct/Diffuse Splitting Model
Weather File Solar Interpolation
Variable Location and Orientation
References
Design Week Specification
Sky Radiance Model
Sky Diffuse Solar Radiation on a Tilted Surface
Shadowing of Sky Diffuse Solar Radiation
Shadowing of Sky Long-Wave Radiation
Shading Module
Shading and Sunlit Area Calculations
Solar Position
Surface Geometry
Shadow Projection
Polygon Clipping
Pixel Counting
Solar Gains
Solar Distribution
Details of the Interior Solar Distribution Calculation
Ground Reflectances
Ground Reflectances (Snow)
References
Solar Radiation Reflected from Exterior Surfaces
Diffuse Reflection of Beam Solar and Sky Solar Radiation
Receiving points
Rays
Sky Solar Radiation Diffusely Reflected from Obstructions
Sky Solar Radiation Diffusely Reflected from the Ground
Beam Solar Radiation Diffusely Reflected from Obstructions
Beam Solar Radiation Diffusely Reflected from the Ground
Beam Solar Radiation Specularly Reflected from Obstructions
Daylighting and Window Calculations
Daylighting Calculations
Daylight Factor Calculation
Overview
Interior Illuminance Components
Daylight Factors
Sky Luminance Distributions
Direct Normal Solar Illuminance
Exterior Horizontal Illuminance
Direct Component of Interior Daylight Illuminance
Internally-Reflected Component of Interior Daylight Illuminance
Transmitted Flux from Sky and Ground
Transmitted Flux from Direct Sun
Luminance of Shaded Window
Daylight Discomfort Glare
Time-Step Daylighting Calculation
Overview
Time-Step Sky Luminance
Interior Illuminance
Glare Index
Lighting Control System Simulation
References
DElight Daylighting Calculations
DElight Daylight Factor Calculation Differences from SplitFlux Methods
DElight Time-Step Interior Daylighting Calculation Differences from SplitFlux Methods
References
Complex Fenestration Daylighting Calculations
Internal Average Reflected Illuminance From Window
Luminance from Exterior Elements
Luminous Flux and Direct Illuminance at Interior Side of the Window
Handling Exterior Obstructions
Daylighting Devices
Tubular Daylighting Devices
Daylighting Shelves
Window Light Well
Window Calculation Module
Optical Properties of Glazing
Glass Layer Properties
Glass Optical Properties Conversion
Simple Window Model
Glazing System Properties
Calculation of Angular Properties
Calculation of Hemispherical Values
Optical Properties of Window Shading Devices
Thermochromic Windows
Screen Properties and Calculations
Complex Fenestration Calculation Module
Window Heat Balance Calculation
The Glazing Heat Balance Equations
Room-Side Convection
Solving the Glazing Heat Balance Equations
Edge-Of-Glass Effects
Apportioning of Absorbed Short-Wave Radiation in Shading Device Layers
Window Frame and Divider Calculation
Beam Solar Reflection from Window Reveal Surfaces
Shading Device Thermal Model
Heat Balance Equations for Shading Device and Adjacent Glass
Solving for Gap Airflow and Temperature
Improved Airflow Equations for Window Screens and Horizontal Louvered Blind Systems
Heat Balance Equations for Between-Glass Shading Device
Airflow Windows
Evacuated Glazing Unit (EGU)
Thermal Performance of Deflected Insulated Glazing Unit (IGU)
Equivalent Layer Fenestration Model
Air Heat Balance Manager / Processes
Convection from Surfaces
Convection from Internal Sources
Infiltration/Ventilation
Infiltration
Infiltration Design Flow Rate
Infiltration by Effective Leakage Area
Infiltration by Flow Coefficient
Ventilation
Ventilation Design Flow Rate
Ventilation by Wind and Stack with Open Area
Zone Air Balance Outdoor Airflow (ZoneAirBalance:OutdoorAir)
Reference
Air Exchange
Temperature Difference Controlled Air Exchange
Density Difference Controlled Air Exchange
References
Calculation of Zone Air Temperature
Building System Simulation System Manager / Processes
Air Loops
Definition of Air Loop
Simulation Method
Component Models
Iteration Scheme
Determination of Air Mass Flow Rates
Air Loop Simulation
Primary Air System Simulation
Input data
Initialization Calculations
Central air system simulation
Outdoor Air System
Simulation
Outdoor Air Mixer
Simulation
Zone Equipment Simulation
Input data
Initialization Calculations
Simulation
Zone Equipment Load Distribution
Air Path Components
Overview
Zone Supply Air Path
Zone Splitter
Zone Supply Plenum
Zone Return Air Path
Zone Mixer
Zone Return Plenum
Plant Load Profile
Calculation Model
Plant/Condenser Loops
Integration of System and Plant
Current Primary System Modeling Methodology
Plant Manager
Plant Flow Resolver
Summary of Load Distribution Schemes
Summary of Plant Loop Demand Calculation Schemes
Plant and Condenser Equipment Operation Schemes
Plant Operation Schemes
Condenser Operation Schemes
Primary-Secondary Loop Systems
Heat Recovery Loop Systems
Plant Pressure Drop Simulation
Steam Systems and Component Models
Steam Loop Assumptions
Steam To Air Heat Exchanger
Condensate Pump
Steam Pipe
Loop, Equipment Sizing and other Design Data
Sizing Manager
HVAC Sizing Simulation Manager
Zone Design Loads and Air Flow Rates
Overview
Zone Design Data Arrays
Zone Design Load Calculation
Updating and Adjusting the Zone Results
Space Sizing
NonCoincident Zone Sizing
Air Terminal Unit Sizing
Zone HVAC Scalable Sizing
System Design Loads and Air Flow Rates
Overview
System Design Data Arrays
System Design Flow Rate and Load Summation and Adjustment
System Sizing Adjustments for Air Terminal Operation
Central Heating Maximum System Air Flow Ratio Sizing
System Design Outdoor Air Flow Rate
Scalable System HVAC Sizing
Plant and Condenser Loop Sizing
Maximum Loop Flow Rate
Loop Volume
Coincident Plant Sizing using HVAC Sizing Simulation
Component Sizing
Introduction
Fan Sizing
Design Fan Heat
Coil:Cooling:Water
Coil:Cooling:Water:DetailedGeometry Sizing
CoilSystem:Cooling:Water
Coil:Cooling:WaterToAirHeatPump:EquationFit Sizing
Coil:Cooling:WaterToAirHeatPump:VariableSpeedEquationFit Sizing
Coil:Heating:WaterToAirHeatPump:EquationFit Sizing
Coil:Heating:WaterToAirHeatPump:VariableSpeedEquationFit Sizing
Coil:Heating:Water Sizing
Coil:Heating:Steam Sizing
Sizing of Gas and Electric Heating Coils
DX Coil Sizing
DX MultiSpeed Coil Sizing
Coil:Cooling:DX:VariableSpeed Sizing
Coil:Heating:DX:VariableSpeed Sizing
Heat Pump ACCA Manual S Sizing
Pump Sizing
Electric Chiller Sizing
Water to Water Heat Pump Sizing
Boiler Sizing
Plant Heat Exchanger Sizing
Humidifier Sizing
Cooling Tower Sizing
Fluid Cooler Sizing
Evaporative Fluid Cooler Sizing
Fan Coil Unit Sizing
Window Air Conditioner Sizing
Unit Ventilator Sizing
Packaged Terminal Heat Pump Sizing
MultiSpeed Heat Pump Sizing
Single Duct Terminal Units
Indirect Evaporative Cooler Sizing
Secondary DX Coils Sizing
Desiccant Dehumidifier Sizing
Evaporative Cooler Sizing
Heat Recovery Sizing
Low Temperature Radiant System Sizing
Unitary System Sizing
Zone Outdoor Air Design Data
Design Outdoor Air Calculation
References
Operational Faults
Introduction to HVAC Operational Faults Modeling
Operational Faults Modeling
Sensor Faults with Air Economizers
Thermostat/Humidistat Offset
Heating and Cooling Coil Fouling
Air Filter Fouling
Chiller Supply Water Temperature Sensor Offset
Condenser Supply Water Temperature Sensor Offset
Cooling Tower Fouling
Coil Supply Air Temperature Sensor Offset
Hot-water Boilers Fouling
Water-cooled Chiller Fouling
Evaporative Coolers Fouling
Demand Limiting
Algorithm
Sequential Priority
All Priority
Alternative Modeling Processes
AirflowNetwork Model
Overview
Model Description
Pressure and Airflow Calculations
Node Temperature Calculations
Node Humidity Ratio Calculations
Sensible and Latent Load Calculations
Impacts of Supply Air Constant Volume Fan Control on Load: Cycling vs. Continuous
Airflow Calculation Procedure using A Supply Variable Air Volume Fan
Airflow Calculation Procedure using inputs of Intrazone nodes and linkages
Integration of the AirflowNetwork Model
Model Output
Single Sided Wind Pressure Coefficient Algorithm
Occupant Ventilation Control
Pressure Control
Duct Sizing
References
Simple Duct Model
Overview
Calculation Procedure
RoomAir Models
User Defined RoomAir Temperatures
One-Node Displacement Ventilation RoomAir Model
Three-Node Displacement Ventilation RoomAir Model
Under-Floor Air Distribution Interior Zone Model
Under-Floor Air Distribution Exterior Zone Model
Cross Ventilation Room Air Model
RoomAirflowNetwork Model
References
Hybrid Model
Overview
Zone Balance Algorithms
Internal thermal mass hybrid modeling method
Infiltration hybrid modeling method
People count hybrid modeling method
References
Simulation Models – Encyclopedic Reference, Volume 1
Air System Distribution Terminals
Constant Volume Single Duct Reheat Air Terminal
Constant Volume Single Duct No Reheat Air Terminal
Variable Air Volume Single Duct Reheat and No Reheat Air Terminals
Variable Air Volume Heating and Cooling Single Duct Reheat and NoReheat Air Terminal
Constant Volume Single Duct Four Pipe Induction Air Terminal
Fan Powered Induction Series and Parallel Single Duct Reheat Air Terminal
Variable Air Volume Fan Powered Single Duct Air Terminal
Four Pipe Beam Unit (AirTerminal:SingleDuct:ConstantVolume:FourPipeBeam)
Cooled Beam Unit (AirTerminal:SingleDuct:ConstantVolume:CooledBeam)
Constant Volume Dual Duct Air Terminal
Variable Air Volume Dual Duct Air Terminal
Dual Duct Dedicated Outside Air Terminal with VAV Cooling
Boilers
Simple Hot Water Boiler
Steam Boiler
Chillers
Absorption Chiller
Indirect Absorption Chiller
Combustion Turbine Chiller
ChillerHeater:Absorption:DirectFired
ChillerHeater:Absorption:DoubleEffect
Constant COP Chiller
Hot Water Heat Recovery from Chillers
Electric Chiller Model Based on Fluid Temperature Differences
Electric Chiller Model Based on Condenser Entering Temperature
Electric Chiller Model Based on Condenser Leaving Temperature
Engine Driven Chiller
Variable Flow Condenser
Simulation Models – Encyclopedic Reference, Volume 2
Ice Thermal Storage
Simple Ice Storage Model
Detailed Ice Storage Model
Other Ice Thermal Storage Options
PCM Thermal Storage Model
Coils
Chilled-Water-Based Air Cooling Coil
Chilled-Water-Based Detailed Geometry Air Cooling Coil
Hot-Water-Based Air Heating Coil
Single-Speed Electric DX Air Cooling Coil
Multi-Speed Electric DX Air Cooling Coil
Two-Speed Electric DX Air Cooling Coil
Variable Speed DX Cooling Coil
Electric Air Heating Coil
Fuel-fired Air Heating Coil
Multi-Stage Electric and Gas Air Heating Coil
Single-Speed Electric Heat Pump DX Air Heating Coil
Single-Speed DX Heating Coil Standard Ratings
Multi-Speed Electric Heat Pump DX Air Heating Coil
Variable Speed DX Heating Coil
Desuperheater-Recovery-Based Air Heating Coil
Desuperheater-Recovery-Based Water Heating Coil
Heat Exchanger Assisted Air Cooling Coil Systems
Air Source Integrated Heat Pump
Single-Speed Electric Heat Pump DX Water Heating Coil
Water Source Electric DX Air Cooling Coil
Water Source Electric Heat Pump DX Air Heating Coil
Steam-Based Air Heating Coil
Variable Refrigerant Flow Cooling Coil
Variable Refrigerant Flow Heating Coil
Variable Speed Water to Air Heat Pump (Heating & Cooling)
Secondary Coils of DX Systems and Heat Pumps
Packaged Thermal Storage Cooling Coil
HVAC Controllers
Control Valve for Water-Based Air System Coils
Outdoor Air Damper Controller for Air Systems
Outdoor Air Damper Controller for Zone Energy Recovery Ventilator
Baseboard Heaters
Hot Water Baseboard Heater with Only Convection
Electric Baseboard Heater with Only Convection
Hot Water Baseboard Heater with Radiation and Convection
Electric Baseboard Heater with Radiation and Convection
Steam Baseboard Heater with Radiation and Convection
Simulation Models – Encyclopedic Reference, Volume 3
Cooling Towers and Evaporative Fluid Coolers
One, Two, and Variable Speed Cooling Towers and Evaporative Fluid Coolers
Variable Speed Cooling Towers Empirical Models
Cooling Towers with Multiple Cells
Cooling Tower Makeup Water Usage
One and Two Speed Fluid Coolers
Demand Controlled Ventilation
Ventilation Rate Procedure
Indoor Air Quality Procedure
Proportional Control
Simplified Procedure
References
Evaporative Coolers
Direct Evaporative Cooler
Dry Coil Indirect Evaporative Cooler
Wet Coil Indirect Evaporative Cooler
Two Stage Direct/Indirect Evaporative Cooler
Indirect Evaporative Cooler Special Research Model
Direct Evaporative Cooler Special Research Model
Air System Fans
Overview
Model
Fan Energy Index
References
Air System Compound Component Groups
Unitary Systems
Forced-Air Furnace and Central Air Conditioning
Unitary Systems
Unitary System with Changeover-Bypass-Variable Air Volume
Unitary Air-To-Air Heat Pump
Unitary Multi-Speed Air-To-Air Heat Pump
DX Cooling Package
DX Heating Package
Desiccant Dehumidifier Package
Unitary Water-To-Air Heat Pump
Plant Loop Heat Pumps
Equation Fit Water To Water Heat Pump Model
Parameter Estimation Water-To-Water Heat Pump Model
EIR Formulated Plant Loop Heat Pump Model
Air to Water Heat Pumps with Heat Recovery
Fuel-Fired Air to Water Heat Pumps
Modular Air to Water Heat Pumps
Variable Refrigerant Flow Heat Pumps
System Curve based VRF Model (VRF-SysCurve)
Physics based VRF Heat Pump Model (VRF-FluidTCtrl-HP)
Physics based VRF Heat Recovery Model (VRF-FluidTCtrl-HR)
Zone Terminal Unit List
References
Heat Exchangers
Air System Air-To-Air Sensible and Latent Effectiveness Heat Exchanger
Air System Air-To-Air Flat Plate Heat Exchanger
Air System Air-To-Air Balanced Flow Desiccant Heat Exchanger
Plant Loop Deep-Ground-To-Water Vertical U-Tube Field Heat Exchanger
GroundHeatExchanger:Slinky
Plant Loop Pond-To-Water Heat Exchanger
Plant Loop Surface-Ground-To-Water Heat Exchanger
Plant Loop Fluid-to-Fluid Heat Exchanger
References
Air System Humidifiers
Overview
Electric and Gas Steam Humidifier
Simulation Models – Encyclopedic Reference, Volume 4
Zone Internal Gains
Sources and Types of Gains
Heat Gain from Lights
Heat Gain from People
Heat Gain from IT Equipment
Heat Gain from Baseboard Heat
Distribution of Radiant Gains
References
Indoor Living Wall
Energy Balance of Indoor Living Wall
Evapotranspiration from indoor living wall
References
Indoor Swimming Pool
Energy Balance of Indoor Swimming Pool
Convection from the pool water surface
Evaporation from the pool water surface
Radiation exchange with the pool water surface
Conduction through the bottom of the pool
Makeup pool water supply
Heat Gain from People
Heat from auxiliary pool heater
Pool Heating to Control the Pool Water Temperature
Pool/Surface Heat Balance Equation Summary
Other additional information
References
Pipes
Heat Transfer Pipes (Objects: Pipe:Indoor & Pipe:Outdoor)
Underground Pipe (Object: Pipe:Underground)
PipingSystem:Underground Simulation
Pumps
Summary of Pump Rules
Dynamic Pump Pressure Head
Variable Speed Pump
Pressure-based Flow for Variable Speed Pumps
Constant Speed Pump
Pressure-based Flow for Constant Speed Pumps
Pump Heat Addition to the Loop
Pump Heat Addition to Surrounding Zone
Headered Pumps
Condensate Pumps
Ideal Loads Air System
Overview
Model
District Cooling
District Heating
CentralHeatPumpSystem
Overview
Model Description
ChillerHeaterPerformance:Electric:EIR
Overview
Model Description
References
Plant Temperature Source Component
Simulation Models – Encyclopedic Reference, Volume 5
Radiant System Models
Low Temperature Radiant System Model
High Temperature Radiant Heater Model
Simple Cooling Panel
References
Refrigeration Equipment
Overview
Refrigeration Compressor Racks
Refrigerated Cases
Walk-In Coolers and Freezers
Air Chillers and Air Chiller Sets
Detailed Refrigeration Systems
Secondary Refrigeration Systems
Transcritical CO
2
_{2}
Refrigeration System
References
Setpoint Managers
Overview
Scheduled
Outdoor Air Reset
Single Zone Reheat Heating and Cooling
Single Zone Heating Only
Single Zone Cooling Only
Single Zone Minimum Humidity
Single Zone Maximum Humidity
Mixed Air
Outdoor Air Pretreat
Warmest Zone Supply Air Reset
Coldest Zone Supply Air Reset
Return Air Bypass Flow
Warmest Temp Flow
Multizone Heating Average
Multizone Cooling Average
Multizone Minimum Humidity Average
Multizone Maximum Humidity Average
MultiZone Minimum Humidity Supply Air Reset
MultiZone Maximum Humidity Supply Air Reset
Follow Outdoor Air Temperature
Follow System Node Temperature
Follow Ground Temperature
Condenser Entering Water Temperature Reset
Ideal Condenser Entering Water Temperature Reset
Plant Return Water Control Setpoint Reset
System Node Reset Temperature
System Node Reset Humidity
Solar Collectors
Flat-Plate Solar Collectors
Integral-collector-storage (ICS) Solar Collector
References:
Photovoltaic Thermal Flat-Plate Solar Collectors
Unglazed Transpired Solar Collectors
Air-Based Building Integrated Parallel Flow PV/Thermal Collector
System Availability Managers
Overview
Scheduled
Scheduled On
Scheduled Off
Night Cycle
Night Ventilation
Differential Thermostat
High Temperature Turn Off
High Temperature Turn On
Low Temperature Turn Off
Low Temperature Turn On
Hybrid Ventilation Control
Optimum Start Controls
Simulation Models – Encyclopedic Reference, Volume 6
Occupant Thermal Comfort
Background on Thermal Comfort Models
Mathematical Models for Predicting Thermal Comfort
Fanger Comfort Model
Pierce Two-Node Model
KSU Two-Node Model
Adaptive Comfort Model Based on European Standard EN15251-2007
Dynamic Clothing Model
Mean Radiant Temperature Calculation
ASHRAE 55 Elevated Air Speed Cooling Effect Model
ASHRAE 55 Ankle Draft Risk Model
References
Trombe Walls
Passive Trombe Wall
Active Trombe Wall
Water Thermal Tanks (includes Water Heaters)
Mixed Water Thermal Tank
Heat Pump Water Heater
Stratified Water Thermal Tank
Water Heating Sizing
Water Systems
Water Mains Temperatures
Water Use Equipment and Connections
Unconnected Water Use Equipment
Zone Heat Gain from Water Use Equipment
Connected Water Use Equipment
Water Use Equipment Calculations
Drainwater Heat Recovery
Zone Controls
Thermostatic Zone Control
Zone Thermostats
Operative Temperature Control
Temperature And Humidity Control
Humidistat
Thermal Comfort Zone Control
Zone Equipment and Zone Forced Air Units
Air Distribution Terminal Unit
Air Terminal Single Duct Mixer
Simple Duct Leakage Model
Air Leakage in Parallel Fan-Powered Terminal Units
Fan Coil Unit
Window Air Conditioner
Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner
Packaged Terminal Heat Pump
Zone Single Speed Water-To-Air Heat Pump
Zone Air DX Dehumidifier
Energy Recovery Ventilator
Zone Evaporative Cooler Unit
Hybrid Unitary HVAC Equipment
Unit Heater
Unit Ventilator
Variable Refrigerant Flow Terminal Unit
Ventilated Slab
CoolTower
Earthtube
Thermal Chimney Model
Zone Outdoor Air Unit
Controls
Zone Exhaust Fan
On-Site Generation, Power Conversion, and Storage
Whole-Facility Electric Service
Electric Load Center Distribution Manager
Overview
Generator Operation Schemes
Load Center Buss Types
Electric Load Center Generators
Inverters
Converter
Storage Operation Schemes
Electrical Storage - Simple Energy Balance Model
Electrical Storage – Kinetic Battery Model with Cycle Life Estimation
Electrical Storage – Lithium-Ion NMC Model with Capacity Degradation Estimation
Electric Load Center Transformers
Photovoltaic Arrays
Simple Model
Equivalent One-Diode Model
Sandia Photovoltaic Performance Model
PVWatts
Generators
Internal Combustion Engine
Turbine Generator
Microturbine Generator
Micro-Cogenerator
Fuel Cell Cogenerator
Custom Fuel Supply for Generators
Wind Turbine
Performance Curves and Lookup Tables
Performance Curves
Curves based on a single independent variable
Curves based on two independent variables
Curves based on three independent variables
Pressure drop curve
Lookup Tables
Table:Lookup
Economics Calculations
Component Costs
Line Item Costs
Adjustments
Comparisons
Tariff Computation
Conceptual Framework – Variables and Hierarchy
Default Order of Computation
Computation Steps
Life-Cycle Cost Computations
ExpressAsCashFlows
ComputePresentValue
ComputeTaxAndDepreciation
Special Modules/Reporting
Environmental Impacts
Types of Pollutants
Carbon Equivalent
Fossil Fuel Emissions Factors
Off-Site Electricity Generation Emissions
Other Energy-Related Pollutants and Sources of Other Information
References
Component Loads Summary
Estimated Component Load Details
Output:Table:Annual
Heat Emissions
Heat Emission from Building Envelope
Heat Emission from Zones
Heat Emission from HVAC Systems through Relief Air
Heat Rejection from HVAC System Equipment
Resilience Metrics
Thermal Resilience
Indoor Air Quality - CO2 Resilience
Visual Resilience
Timespan of Report
References
Engineering Reference